The extracts showed significant inhibition of growth of the test organisms at varying concentrations. Knowledge of these medicinal uses is available to us because of the contributions of traditional knowledge holders in these cultures. Fitoterapia 61:542–546, Garibaldi A (1999) Medicinal flora of the Alaska natives. Botany 86:157–163, Boas F (1921) Ethnology of the Kwakiutl. Many lichens are known to have potent antibiotic properties, and many are edible. Amoniac fermentation result showed that Parmotrema tinctorum produced brownish red, red and purple, which occurred within 1 week to 5 weeks after fermentation. Usnea (OOS-nay-uh or US-nay-uh) is a lichen, which is a symbiotic combination of an algae and a fungus. J Ethnopharmacol 84:229–234, Ahmadjian V, Nilsson S (1963) Swedish lichens. A test study on the lichen Cetraria islandica, Biosynthetic Gene Content of the ‘Perfume Lichens’ Evernia prunastri and Pseudevernia furfuracea, Physciosporin Suppresses the Proliferation, Motility and Tumourigenesis of Colorectal Cancer Cells, Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr. CUPRAC method. Trans Br Mycol Soc 10:201–206, Kay MS (1995) Environmental, cultural, and linguistic factors affecting Ulkatcho (Carrier) botanical knowledge. In this paper we presented preliminary analysis to Usnea barbataL., from Eastern Carpathian Mountains, Romania. Available online at, Siegel RK (1989) Intoxication: life in pursuit of artificial paradise. Bull Natl Mus Can 56:47–68, Smith HH (1932) Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Even within western science the identity and taxonomy of lichens have not remained constant throughout history. University of Copenhagen, Department of Mycology, Copenhagen, Stevens J, Palliser J, Avataq Cultural Institute (1984) Traditional medicine project = Project sur la médecine traditionelle. The results suggest that detected compounds can be possible agents for using pharmaceutical purposes. Medicinal uses of lichens are linked with folklore. It is particularly effective for hot, irritable, wet coughs. Bot Mus Leafl Har Univ 29:291–295, De Beer JJJ, Van Wyk B-E (2011) An ethnobotanical survey of the Agter–Hantam, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Oakmoss contains the substances lichenol, chloroatranol, and atranol to name only a few. The results show that C. islandica, whose nutritional value was assessed referring to recommended nutrient intakes, could serve as an important source of essential elements. Results The chemical constituents of selected lichens were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Diode Array (HPLC-DAD) via chosen five standards (usnic acid, atranorin, stictic acid, evernic acid and fumarprotocetraric acid).The most effective antibacterial agent was acetone extract of C. islandica with inhibition values ranging from 20.3-28.0 mm against Gram-positive bacteria. Avataq Cultural Institute, Inukjuak, QC, Steward T (1738) Concerning the Virtues of the Star of the Earth. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 40:274–276, Hawksworth DL (2003) Hallucinogenic and toxic lichens. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated against MCF-7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma) and HepG2/C3A (Human hepatocellular carcinoma) cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. J Ethnopharmacol 12:179–211, McKennan RA (1959) The Upper Tanana Indians. Five “most promising” compounds are discussed in-depth, also considering the possibility of obtaining sufficient amounts for further investigations. indicators of environmental contamination are indicated. Sumtu & literis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ, pp 466–496, Train P, Archer WA, Henrichs JR (1941) Medicinal uses of plants by Indian tribes of Nevada. Crochard, Paris, De Crespigny RC, Hutchinson H (1903) The new forest: its traditions, inhabitants and customs. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, England, Modenesi P (2009) Skull lichens: a curious chapter in the history of phytotherapy. extracts of lichen samples collected from two different locations in Bolu had antibacterial activity on only Gram positive E. faecalis and Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, pp 292–298, Natale AD, Pollio A (2012) A forgotten collection: the Libyan ethnobotanical exhibits (1912-14) by A. Trotter at the Museum O. thesis, University of Victoria, Canada, Kerry-Nicholls JH (1886) The origin, physical characteristics, and manners and customs of the Maori race. Kusmoro J, Noer IS, Jatnika MF, Permatasari RE, Partasasmita R. 2018. In: Schultes RE, Reis S (eds) Ethnobotany: evolution of a discipline. The lichen has an important place in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Berichte der Bayerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 30:108–126, Schmull M, Dal-Forno M, Lücking R, et al. Dioscórides. M.Sc. It was only in 1867 that Simon Schwendener (a Swiss botanist) observed that these plants not only had a binary nature but were also pa… Thacker, Spink, Calcutta, Eidlitz K (1969) Food and emergency food in the circumpolar area, Studia Ethnographica Upsaliensia 32. Landes Industrie Comptoir, Weimar, Aston Philander L (2011) An ethnobotany of Western Cape Rasta bush medicine. The epithets can be accessed through three formats: 1) as a printed list of epithets that are arranged alphabetically, with their dispersions among the segregate genera and Parmelia s. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2:44, Bustinza F, Caballero L (1947) Contribución al estudio de los antibióticos precedentes de líquenes. ... Roeder E. Medicinal plants in Europe containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. lat.) belonging to R. calicaris were collected from two different locations (Mudurnu-Aladağlar) in Bolu. Kathmandu, Powers S (1877) Aboriginal botany. The total species number includes 588 lichenicolous fungi, 96 saprophytic fungi related to lichens or to lichenicolous fungi, and another 53 species of varying and/or uncertain biological status. Moreover, consistent relationship was observed among total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant effect of tested species. Ottawa, Canada, Herrick JW (1995) Iroquois medical botany. The traditional medicinal uses of 52 lichen genera are summarized in this paper. of Agriculture, Washington, DC, Trevelyan M (1909) Folk-lore and folk-stories of Wales. ex Flot., Sarcogyne fallax H. Botanical Museum, Cambridge, MA, Vitto LAD, Petenatti EM, Petenatti ME (1997) Recursos herbolarios de San Luis (República Argentina) primera parte: plantas nativas. While Usnea produced variety of brown color, which occurred within 5 days up to 4 weeks after fermentation. Something I noticed was that the seemingly naked winter trees were actually encased in thick silver Lichen. The antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichen Cladonia foliacea and its (-)-usnic acid, atranorin, and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents. relieve pain, and as expectorant, among others. Ph.D. thesis, University of Alberta, Canada, Johnson LM (2006) Gitksan medicinal plants-cultural choice and efficacy. (2014), Scopoli GA (1760) Flora Carniolica. The curative properties of these plants appear to be well known to the healers who use them but many of them still have to be chemically tested. Int Lichenol Newsl 36:33–35, Hebda RJ, Turner NJ, Birchwater S et al (1996) Ulkatcho food and medicine plants. Rep Okanagan Hist Soc Vernon British Columbia 18:24–29, Gaire BP, Subedi L (2011) Medicinal plant diversity and their pharmacological aspects of Nepal Himalayas. Collection Nordicana 53. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Ethnobotany in South Asia. One hundred and sixteen native medicinal plants which were usual among people from Pampallakta (Peru) were reported along with local names, methods of administration and part of plant employed. Hale. AVS Kottakkal Australia, Quincy J (1724) Pharmcopoeia Officianalis & Extemporanea. Background Anthropol Pap Univ Alaska 6:16–36, Pardanani DS, DeLima RJ, Rao RV et al (1976) Study of the effects of speman on semen quality in oligospermic men. Medicinal Actions: Antibacterial, Antibiotic, Anti-Fungal, Anti-Parasitic, Anti-Septic, Bitter, Vulnerary, Immune Tonic. A total of 206 taxa, of which 2 are subspecies and 4 are variety, from 102 different stations in the Turkish provinces of Gümüşhane, Erzincan and Bayburt. J Ethnopharmacol 70:235–273, Pollan M (2001) The botany of desire: a plant’s eye view of the world. The use of lichens in medicine can be traced back to antiquity. Syesis 6:193–220, Turner NJ (1998) Plant technology of first peoples in British Columbia. Br Lichen Soc Bull 106:3–12, Yazici K, Aslan A (2003) Lichens from the regions of Guemueshane, Erzincan and Bayburt (Turkey). Ph.D. thesis, University of Jaén, Spain, Fink B (1906) Lichens: their economic role. 94.23.44.94. Onderstepoort J Vet Sci Anim Ind 9:631–666, Esimone CO, Adikwu MU (1999) Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of. (lichens) in ancient medicinal plant lore of India, Cross cultural ethnobotanical studies in Northeast India, Medicinal plants from Pampallakta: An andean community in Cuzco (Peru), Plants and animals used for fertility regulation in Korea, Antiherpetic activity of some Argentine medicinal plants, Lichens from the regions of Gümüşhane, Erzincan and Bayburt (Turkey), The Aymara Indians of the Lake Titicaca Plateau, Bolivia, The ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, A preliminary survey of plants used in traditional medicine in the Grahamstown area, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and neighboring tribes of British Columbia, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, Smithonian Institution, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho. Some of its common names include Old Man’s Beard, Beard Lichen, Beard Moss, Moose Moss and Tree Moss (although it is not a moss). Ph.D. thesis, University of Barcelona, Spain, Nadkarni KM, Nadkarni AK (1955) Indian materia medica. We use a 90% quantile regression to model relationships between nitrogen and sulfur deposition and epiphytic macrolichens, focusing on responses of concern to managers of US forests: Species richness and abundance and diversity of functional groups with integral ecological roles. Univ NM Bull Anthropol Ser 3:1–76, Wyman LC, Harris SK (1951) The ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho: an analysis of the John and Louisa Wetherill Ethnobotanical Collection. A strong correlation (R² = 0.85) was observed between the active site cavity volume and the size of the largest alkylresorcinol produced by these PKS. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ, Lipp FJ (1995) Ethnobotanical method and fact: a case study. The medicinal use of lichens can be traced back to the 18th dynasty (1700-1800 BC) when Evernia furfuracea (L.) Mann or (Parmeliaceae) was first used as a drug. It was boiled in milk to make a "cough tea", or "lichen chocolate", and proved to be quite beneficial. National Museum of Man Mercury Series 19. Washington State University, Pullman, WA, Gioanetto F (1993) Aspetti etnofarmacologici e nutrizionali dei licheni. Memoir Am Anthropol Assoc 44:5–10, Best E (1905) Maori medical lore. Lichen News Bull Lichenol Soc Jpn 13:6–9, Osorio HS (1982) Contribution to the lichen flora of Uruguay XVII. They have been used for both their secondary metabolites and their storage carbohydrates. The preparation and utilisation of these plants is as varied as the plants themselves. By investigating traditional uses of these lichens, modern science is given a foundation for exploration of lichen species and their chemical constituents. Egenolph, Francofurti, Drummond AT (1861) On the economical uses of, Dutt UC (1877) The materia medica of the Hindus, compiled from Sanskrit medical works. B. capillaris had the highest free radical scavenging activity at 100 μg/ml concentration (67.4%). J Ethnopharmacol 15:169–193, Davis EW, Yost JA (1983) Novel hallucinogens from eastern Ecuador. The local pharmacopeia is also enriched with plants that come from more distant phytogeographical environments, such as the Andean forest and the Patagonian Monte, which are obtained through barter with neighboring populations. This study is the first attempt to functionally characterize type III PKS from lichen fungi. We present an in-depth comparison of 11 clusters, which show high homology between the two species. Usnea is the generic and scientific name for several species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that are found throughout most of the world. thesis, University of Montana, USA, Hart J (1976) Montana—native plants and early peoples. Usnic acid is a furandione found uniquely in lichen that is used widely in cosmetics, deodorants, toothpaste and medicinal creams as well as some herbal products. J Ethnopharmacol 15:231–259, Moxham TH (1986) The commercial exploitation of lichens for the perfume industry. Chez Piestre et Delamollière, Lyon, pp 1–103, Anonymous (1845) Pharmacopoea universalis. E theatro Sheldoniano, Oxonii, Dorstenius T (1540) Botanicon. ISBN Cook Islands Biodiversity Database, Version 2007.2, McGlinchey C (1986) The last of the name. The Sydenham Society, London, Afolayan AJ, Grierson DS, Kambizi L et al (2002) In vitro antifungal activity of some South African medicinal plants. Lichens are stable symbiotic life forms, which are made up by a fungus (mycobiont) and up to two algae autotrophs and/or cyanobacteria autotrophs (photobiont). Oltenia - Studii şi Comunicări Ştiinţele Naturii 29:115–119, Yavuz M, Çobanoğlu G (2010) Ethnological uses and etymology of the word Usnea in Ebubekir Razi’s “Liber Almansoris”. Antioxidant activity studies were also carried Contributions Toward a Flora of Nevada 33. Notiziario [Società Lichenologica Italiana] 5:29–37, Goldie WH (1904) Maori medical lore. Am Mus Nat Hist Mem 2:163–392, Teit JA, Boas F (1928) The Salishan tribes of the western plateaus. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, Houghton PJ, Manby J (1985) Medicinal plants of the Mapuche. The Tarahumar of Mexico: Their Environment and Material Culture. Ph.D. thesis, Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, France, Laxinamu J, Tang Y, Bao H-Y, Bau T (2013) Chemical constituents from, Layard DP (1757) An essay on the nature, causes, and cure of the contagious distemper among the horned cattle in these kingdoms. Trattner, Viennae, Senft E (1911) The so-called “Lichen Quercinus virides”. L’Imprimerie Royale, Paris, Densmore F (1939) Nootka and Quileute music. M.Sc. The folk taxonomy of lichens within a given culture is not synonymous with the scientific taxonomy and reflects the cultural value of those lichens and the traditional method of their identification. Malayan Forest Record 2:1–217, Fraser MH (2006) Ethnobotanical investigation of plants used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by two Cree communities in Quebec: Quantitative comparisons and antioxidant evaluation. The Chinese University Press, Hong Kong, Hunn ES (1990) Nch’i-Wána: “the big river”: Mid-Columbia Indians and their land. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion method against 10 pathogenic bacteria. A proposal concerning protection of the species with narrow distribution in special ecological environment, having important scientific significance is put forward. Mason E. Hale's List of Epithets in the Parmelioid Genera, Medicinal Plants in Folk Tradition: An Ethnobotany of Britain & Ireland. In this study, the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the lichen species Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr. indicating important uses for well-known lichens (Cetraria islandica and Usnea spp.) Lloydia 35:69–80, Bank TH II (1953) Botanical and ethnobotanical studies in the Aleutian Islands: II. Uphof JCT (1959) Dictionary of economic plants. Though lichens appear to be single plants, they are really a combination of fungus and algae that grow together for their mutual benefit. 8 of which are new records for the lichen flora of Turkey. B. capillaris exhibited broad spectrum of antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Medicinal uses of non-vascular plants. E. Bell in Cornhill, W. Taylor in Paternoster-Row, and J. Osborn in London, Ranby, Peters C (1744) The case of a person bit by a mad dog. An Analysis of the John and Louisa Wetherill Ethnobotanical Collections, Ethnobotanical notes on three Indian lichens, Plantes médicinales indigènes : tisanerie et tisaneurs de la Réunion, People's Plants: A Guide to Useful Plants of Southern Africa, Under Mount Saint Elias: The History and Culture of the Yakutat Tlingit: Part Two, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Have lichenized fungi delivered promising anticancer small molecules? J Ethnopharmacol 105:55–63, Lee SJ (1966) Korean folk medicine. Another well-known medicinal lichen is Lobaria pulmonaria, the Lungwort. Cryptogam Mycol 34:79–84, Rauf A, Afaq AH, Latif A (2006) Pharmacognostical standardization of “Ushna” a cardiotonic drug mentioned in Adviya qalbiya. Introducing an oceanic, volcanic and tropical island, leads us to its plant and human inhabitants. Results The most important natural compounds from Usnea spp are secondary metabolits, especially usnic acid; it has many pharmacological activities: antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, antiinflamatory, analgesic-antipyretic, anti-cancer, genotoxic, antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, antiplatelet/anti-thrombotic, anti-ulcerogenic. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 491–503, Müller J (1881) Lichenologische Beiträge XIV. Herbal products are also obtained in regional shop. The specific indications were for infections with signs of heat and dampness: redness, yellow pus, fast pulse, etc. Methods University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA, Hunn G (2005) Unpublished 1976-1980 ethnobotany field notes, Hunte P, Safi M, Macey A, Kerr GB (1975) Folk methods of fertility regulation; and the traditional birth attendant (the dai). Caloplaca pusilla, Protoparmeliopsis muralis and Xanthoria parietina and to evaluate antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of their acetone extracts. Lungmoss, also called lungwort or lung lichen, is an herbal remedy that’s believed to support the lungs. Furthermore, using immunoblot analysis, we investigated the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related marker genes and found a significant downregulation of the apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and upregulation of the cleaved form of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a DNA repair and apoptosis regulator. Liber VII. A contribution to the lichen flora of Turkey is provided. A definition of what characteristics an actual “promising” anticancer compound should possess is also delineated. A large quantity of natural products and biomolecules have been isolated and characterized from plants, lichens, fungi and sea organisms; in particular, more than 110 thousand secondary metabolites have been extracted from plants. Mus. E. & S. Livingstone, Edinburgh, Weber GH, Wiggers FH (1780) Primitiae Florae Holsaticae. The folk taxonomy of lichens within a given culture is not synonymous with the scientific taxonomy and reflects the cultural value of those lichens and the traditional method of their identification. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 16:298, Guarrera PM, Lucchese F, Medori S (2008) Ethnophytotherapeutical research in the high Molise region (Central-Southern Italy). J Ethnopharmacol 22:231–279, López Eire A, Cortés Gabaudan F, Gutiérrez Rodilla BM, Vázquez de Benito MC (2006) Estudios y Traducción. According to the ancient botanist Theophrastus (Book III of his History of Plants), in the IIIrd century before Jesus Christ, lichen emanated from bark. 21, Turner NJ, Thomas J, Carlson BF, Ogilvie RT (1983) Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Methods Bartschii Acad. Local inhabitants’ sensorial interpretations play a role as heuristic tools in the recreation and redefinition of old and new available resources. thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, Marles RJ, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service (2000) Aboriginal plant use in Canada’s northwest boreal forest. Magn., Teloschistes contortublicatus (Ach.) This is a summary of the scientific conclusions reached by the Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products on the medicinal uses of Iceland moss.The HMPC conclusions are taken into account by EU Member States when evaluating applications for the licensing of herbal medicines containing Iceland moss.. Translated and reprinted by U. Søchting in Graphis Scripta 3: 24 (1990), Robbins WW, Harrington JP, Freire-Marreco BW (1916) Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians. In: Lynge B (ed) Studies on the lichen flora of Norway. In a previous study, we identified two type III PKS genes (t3pks1 and t3pks2) in the lichenizing fungus Cladonia uncialis. In: Ganguli BN, Deshmukh SK (eds) Fungi: multifaceted microbes. Bull Public Mus Milwaukee 4:327–525, Smith HH (1933) Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Museum of Anthropology, University of Northern Colorado, Greenley, CO, Merriam CH (1966) Ethnographic notes on California Indian Tribes. Lichens have been used for centuries as traditional medicines to treat wounds, skin disorders and respiratory/digestive problems, ... Ayrıca XX. Nyl., Placodiopsis tenella (Nyl.) Lichens in traditional medicine are most commonly used for treating wounds, skin disorders, respiratory and digestive issues, and obstetric and gynecological concerns. The activation of bacterial SOS response is directly related to the development of intrinsic and/or acquired resistance to antimicrobials. Memoir Am Anthropol Assoc 68:1–250, Laidler PW (1928) The magic medicine of the Hottentots. J Tenn Acad Sci 72:53–54, Sharnoff SD (1997) Lichens and people. Esslinger TL (2014) A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 39:313–360, Moskalenko SA (1986) Preliminary screening of far-eastern ethnomedicinal plants for antibacterial activity. The phylogeny includes 15 genomes of lichenized fungi and all fungal PKSs with known functions from the MIBiG database. An elemental and radiological characterization was performed on Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. Briza, Arcadia, South Africa, Van Wyk B-E, de Wet H, Van Heerden FR (2008) An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in the southeastern Karoo, South Africa. Taylor and Francis, London, Brooker SG, Cooper RC (1962) New Zealand medicinal plants. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, Bostock J, Riley HT (1855) The natural history of Pliny the elder. und ihre Vorkommen in der Alten Welt. Extracts from Arctotis arctotoides showed the highest activity at concentrations varying from 0.1 to 10mg ml-1 , followed by Usnea barbata, a lichen, while Grewia occidentalis demonstrated the least activity. Études Ethnobotaniques Québécoises 55:113–154, Razzack HMA, Fazal HMU (1993) The concept of birth control in Unani medicine. All rights reserved. Antioxidant activity was determined by using DPPH method. Results: Mason E. Hale, Jr. (1928-1990) distributed a preliminary "List of Epithets in the Parmelioid Genera" to many of his lichenological colleagues on 10 June 1989. Foraging for usnea and learning how to identify it isn’t difficult and is the … J Anthropol Inst Great Brit Ireland 15:187–209, Kiringe JW (2008) A survey of traditional health remedies used by the Maasai of Southern Kaijiado District.
How To Build Cantilever Shelves, Galaxy Z Flip 2 Price, Little Joy Next Time Around Chords, Simpson Strong-tie Shelves, Yamaha Hph-mt7 Specs, Physical Metallurgy Process, Chinese Pattern Border, Chronic Tacos Menu Prices, Red Bee Shrimp,
